BPC-157 and the Nitric Oxide System
The most persistent theme in BPC-157 research is its interaction with nitric oxide. What the rat and cell studies show, and what remains inference.
Research library
Peptide research, read closely.
Plain-language, citation-backed notes on research peptides: what the preclinical and clinical literature actually shows, how compounds are verified, and how to read the data for yourself. Written for qualified researchers; nothing here is medical advice.
41 notes across 8 topics · Updated Nov 4, 2026
Reconstitution Math: BAC Water Ratios Without the Guesswork
The concentration arithmetic behind bacteriostatic-water ratios, worked through so the numbers on a vial label and a COA line up without guesswork.
Semaglutide vs. Tirzepatide: Single vs. Dual Agonism in the Literature
What the SUSTAIN, STEP, SURPASS and SURMOUNT programs show about a GLP-1 agonist and a GLP-1/GIP dual agonist, and what the comparison does and does not settle.
GH vs. GHRH vs. GHRP: Untangling the Growth-Hormone Axis
Three classes of molecule act at three points in the growth-hormone axis. What each is, which receptor it binds, and why the distinction matters.
Neuroprotective Peptides: An Overview of the Research Landscape
A map of the peptide classes studied for neuroprotection, melanocortin fragments, incretins, neurotrophin mimetics, mitochondrial peptides, and how each fared.
Lyophilization: Why Research Peptides Ship as Freeze-Dried Powder
Freeze-drying removes water by sublimation at low temperature, leaving a porous solid that resists the chemical reactions that degrade peptides in solution.
Peptide Blends in Research: How Multi-Compound Studies Are Designed
Two or three peptides in one vial is a convenience for the bench and a problem for inference. How combination studies are built so results can be attributed.
Net Peptide Content vs. Purity: Two Numbers, Two Different Questions
A vial can be 99% pure and 75% peptide by weight at the same time. Counter-ions, bound water and how amino-acid analysis resolves the difference.
SS-31 (Elamipretide): Mitochondrial Membrane Research Overview
How the cardiolipin-binding peptide SS-31 went from a Cornell lab to an FDA-approved drug for Barth syndrome, and what the failed trials along the way showed.
BDNF and Neurotrophic Signaling in Peptide Research
How BDNF and its receptor TrkB regulate neuronal survival and plasticity, why the pathway matters in peptide research, and where measurement goes wrong.
How Research Peptides Are Made: Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Explained
How a peptide is built one amino acid at a time on a resin bead, why Merrifield's method won a Nobel Prize, and where impurities enter the process.
Endotoxin Testing in Peptide Quality Control
Endotoxin is the contaminant that survives sterilization. How LAL and recombinant assays detect it, and what an endotoxin result on a COA means.
Bacteriostatic Water: What It Is and Why Labs Use It
Bacteriostatic water is sterile water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol. What that preservative does, what it does not do, and how it differs from plain sterile water.
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Peptide Foundations
What peptides are, how they are made, stored and handled: the vocabulary every researcher needs before reading a study.
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Lab & Quality
HPLC, mass spectrometry, endotoxin testing, certificates of analysis, and how research-grade material is verified.
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GH-Axis Research
Growth-hormone secretagogues and GHRH analogues: sermorelin, tesamorelin, CJC-1295, ipamorelin and the receptor biology behind them.
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Tissue & Repair
BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu and related compounds studied in wound, tendon, gut and extracellular-matrix models.
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Cognitive & Neuro
Semax, Selank and other neuropeptides investigated for neurotrophic signalling, neuroprotection and cognition in preclinical work.
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Metabolic & GLP
Incretin and multi-agonist research: GLP-1, GIP, glucagon and amylin pathways, and what the trial literature actually shows.
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Longevity & Cellular
NAD+, MOTS-c, mitochondrial-derived peptides and the cellular-energy research that surrounds them.
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Research News
Recent publications, regulatory moves and industry developments in peptide research, summarised without the hype.
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The research notes explain what HPLC and mass-spec results mean. The COA library shows you the actual documents for the material Wednesday carries.
All content in the research library is educational and intended for qualified researchers. Products referenced are for laboratory research use only and are not approved for human or veterinary use. Nothing here is medical advice.